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July 11, 2018 | English and Arabic | Valerie MarcelEstablishing a National Oil Company in LebanonThis policy brief reviews possible roles for a national oil company (NOC) in Lebanon and their appropriateness at various stages of development. Specifically, it addresses the optimal timing for creating an NOC; the role it can effectively play in the pre-licensing, exploration, development, and production phases; and what governance frameworks can keep an NOC in check. The brief concludes that the establishment of an NOC presents real governance risks. While various processes and rules can mitigate these risks, such measures depend on strong political leadership. Without them, it will be difficult to hold the process to a higher standard.